Cisco CCNA Certification Exam Training: Telnet, Passwords, and Privilege Levels
Your CCNA certification exam is likely going to contain questions about Telnet, an application-level protocol that allows remote communication between two networking devices. With Telnet use being as common as it is, you had better know the details of how to configure it in order to pass your CCNA exam and to work in real-world networks.
The basic concept is pretty simple - we want to configure R1, but we're at R2. If we telnet successfully to R1, we will be able to configure R1 if we've been given the proper permission levels. In this CCNA case study, R2 has an IP address of 172.12.123.2 and R1 an address of 172.12.123.1. Let's try to telnet from R2 to R1.
R2#telnet 172.12.123.1
Trying 172.12.123.1 ... open
Password required, but none set
[Connection to 172.12.123.1 closed by foreign host]
This seems like a problem, but it's a problem we're happy to have. A Cisco router will not let any user telnet to it by default. That's a good thing, because we don't want just anyone connecting to our router! The "password required" message means that no password has been set on the VTY lines on R1. Let's do so now.
R1(config)#line vty 0 4
R1(config-line)#password baseball
A password of "baseball" has been set on the VTY lines, so we shouldn't have any trouble using Telnet to get from R2 to R1. Let's try that now.
R2#telnet 172.12.123.1
Trying 172.12.123.1 ... open
User access Verification
Password:
R1>
We're in, and placed into user exec mode. Let's say we want to configure a new IP address on the ethernet interface on R1. We'll now go into privileged exec mode....
R1>enable
% No password set
R1>
.. or maybe we won't! The default behavior of Telnet on a Cisco router is to place the incoming user into user exec mode, and require an enable password to allow that user into privileged exec mode! right now, we can't configure anything on this router and even the show commands we would use are limited at best.
If we wanted to allow all telnetting users to be put into privileged exec mode immediately without being prompted for an enable password, the command privilege level 15 placed on the VTY lines will accomplish this.
R1(config)#line vty 0 4
R1(config-line)#privilege level 15
From R2, we'll telnet into R1 again.
R2#telnet 172.12.123.1
Trying 172.12.123.1 ... open
User access Verification
Password:
R1#
We were able to telnet in from R2 with the original password of "baseball", and even better, we were placed into privileged exec mode immediately!
You may or may not want to do this in real-world networks, though. If you want to assign privilege levels on an individual user basis, configure usernames and passwords and use the privilege 15 command in the actual username/password command itself to give this privilege levels to some users but not all.
R1(config)#username heidi password klum
R1(config)#username tim privilege 15 password gunn
Both users can telnet into the router, but the first user will be placed into user exec and challenged for the enable password to enter privileged exec mode. If there is no enable password, the user literally cannot get into privileged exec. The second user will be placed into privileged exec immediately after successfully authenticating.
Passwords on a Cisco router or switch are vitally important, and you're not tied down to granting "all-or-nothing" access. Knowing the details like the ones shown here help you tie down network security while allowing people to do their jobs - and it doesn't hurt to know this stuff for the CCNA exam, either!
Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage (http://www.thebryantadvantage.com).
Albany New York Yoga
Coaching Skills Are Crucial
The question for leaders in organizations today is how is it possible to promote information flow and arrive at the top of my competition? How is it possible to create a large gap between our competitors and ourselves? We should never become to comfortable. Before we know it, our competitors can come back and create the best new product or marketing strategy to lead the market.
In order to always be the best at what we do we must follow certain guidelines that will enable us to be the best. Some of the most important guidelines are often overlooked. For example, most organizations don't consider the importance of hiring and firing. In order to gain respect for our organization we must always be bringing in only the top prospects and unfortunately we must be able to let go those who have become lazy with what they do. Motivation is key, and if we don't motivate our employees they will become lazy and production will decrease substantially. As our reputation grow, more and more people will want to work for us and we will become a top employer, famous for what we do.
So that it is possible to reach this pedestal, managers can locate many leadership theories and concepts. The problem here is that many of these theories actually have no application in the real world because of their complexity. Others don't go into detail and give just a basic overview of leadership qualities and never really do any actual coaching. A manager in the world now needs tools that are defined, that will allow managers to help create a culture of continuous improvement.
Leaders today want practical and uncomplicated solutions that they can apply immediately. We should never become to comfortable. Before we know it, our competitors can come back and create the best new product or marketing strategy to lead the market.
Don't consider this to be just another quick fix. Although the steps are easy to learn, the only way that something will be accomplished is if the leader takes those steps and applies them. Application is vital in this situation.
A Road Map
Coaching skills training provides leaders with powerful, proven, and practical skills that help you define direction, shows you the sharp turns and mileposts in a coaching discussion. But just like driving, the weather and road conditions change each time you set out on a coaching journey. Good judgment, common sense, along with an understanding of the person is needed to be successful. This will allow managers to gain maximum effectiveness from each interaction.
What is Coaching?
Coaching is a skill that leaders practice as they mentor. Coaching requires a focus on performance and achieving results.
Coaching isn't an event but rather it is a process. We must be able to present ourselves well continually.
A good coach is not demeaning or disrespectful of others.
Conclusion
Coaching takes energy. You will need to pick your battles and decide what is important and what isn't. Your coaching effort is an asset that must be deployed wisely.
Discover the coaching skills that over 100,000 managers have learned around the world. Visit CMOE.com now to find the best executive leadership coaching. Building high performance teams is vital to your business's success.
Pilates And Yoga Studio
Bank On It: Places to Hide and Invest Money
Today I passed a thermometer at a bank that read 110 degrees, but I am not telling you that to show you how hot it was. I am telling you that because this bank really needs to fix their thermometer. According to their thermometer, it was also 110 degrees in December. There are a lot of people, places and things that can be more accurate with the weather, and as I've never said (but have always wanted to), "Whatever I trust with the weather is what I also trust with my money." Here are some examples:
A random old lady: Certain beings can predict the weather through their bones, and that group includes random old ladies and dogs. I specify "random" because that way I won't get e-mails from people stating, "Hey, why are you messing with my grandmom? Are you saying she's like an alien or some kind of meteorologist or something?" And no, I'm not. I am talking about a "random" old lady, and grandmoms don't fit into that category, not even on Bingo Night. Regardless, my plan is to give my money to one of these random old ladies instead of keeping it at a bank because I know this lady won't go too far with it, and if she does disappear, I'll know to find her in Florida. Also, I don't have to worry about her making any silly investments except for lottery tickets and candy buttons. Plus, who is going to try to rob a random old lady? It's just not feasible...
A kangaroo: Kangaroos were created with pouches for a reason. Contrary to popular belief, it has nothing to do with holding their young. In reality, kangaroos are living banks (and weather forecasters), ready to take your deposit and hold onto it until they die. Some may say that depositing money into a kangaroo's pouch is bad because there will be no interest on the money. But think again -- we're talking about a kangaroo hopping around with money here. There's gotta be a lot of interest there!
A weather vane: Nothing beats a good weather vane with a metal rooster on top of it, except for maybe a weather vane with a real rooster on top of it. All people need to do is hide their money somewhere on a weather vane because most people will never think to look there for money. In fact, most people don't even look at them anymore for the weather. It's a win-win situation, with you being both the first winner and the second winner...
A man-eating fish with a keen sense of finances and the guarding of finances: No explanation necessary.
An outdoor basketball court: One can determine the weather by the amount of people playing basketball outside, as well as what they are wearing when they play. So the weather is taken care of already. As for the financial aspect, I would put all of my money on -- or near (why be picky?) -- the top of a backboard. That way the only people who could reach it already likely have lucrative contracts and wouldn't need the money anyway. If it turns out that someone else is able to grab the money, I'll just call a foul at some point afterwards and I'll get two free throws, a suitable replacement for cash...
But I digress.
Greg Gagliardi is a teacher and writer. His stream-of-consciousness weekly humor column, "Progressive Revelations," has been ongoing since 1998. (http://www.ProgressiveRevelations.com)
In Kl Teacher Training Yoga
